ee(1)

NAME
ee - easy editor

SYNOPSIS
ee [-e] [-i] [-h] [+#] [file ...]
ree [-e] [-i] [-h] [+#] [file ...]

DESCRIPTION
The command ee is a simple screen oriented text editor. It is always in text insertion mode unless there is a prompt at the bottom of the terminal, or a menu present (in a box in the middle of the terminal). The command ree is the same as ee, but restricted to editing the named file (no file operations, or shell escapes are allowed).

An editor with similar user-friendly qualities but more features is available and is called aee.

For ee to work properly, the environment variable TERM must be set to indicate the type of terminal being used. For example, for an HP 700/92 terminal, the TERM variable should be set to "70092". See your System Administrator if you need more information.

  Options
The following options are available from the command line:

-e  Turns off expansion of tab character to spaces.

-i  Turns off display of information window at top of terminal.

-h  Turns off highlighting of borders of windows and menus (improves performance on some terminals).

+#  Moves the cursor to line '#' at startup.

  Control keys
To do anything other than insert text, the user must use the control keys (the Control key, represented by a "^", pressed in conjunction with an alphabetic key, e.g., ^a) and function keys available on the keyboard (such as Next Page, Prev Page, arrow keys, etc.).

Since not all terminals have function keys, ee has the basic cursor movement functions assigned to control keys as well as more intuitive keys on the keyboard when available. For instance, to move the cursor up, the user can use the up arrow key, or ^u.

    ^a 	Prompt for the decimal value of a character to insert.
    ^b 	Move to the bottom of the text.
    ^c 	Get the prompt for a command.
    ^d 	Move the cursor down.
    ^e 	Prompt for the string to search for.
    ^f 	Undelete the last deleted character.
    ^g 	Move to the beginning of the line.
    ^h 	Backspace.
    ^i 	Tab.
    ^j 	Insert a newline.
    ^k 	Delete the character the cursor is sitting on.
    ^l 	Move the cursor left.
    ^m 	Insert a newline.
    ^n 	Move to the next page.
    ^o 	Move to the end of the line.
    ^p 	Move to the previous page.
    ^r 	Move the cursor to the right.
    ^t 	Move to the top of the text.
    ^u 	Move the cursor up.
    ^v 	Undelete the last deleted word.
    ^w 	Delete the word beginning at the cursor position.
    ^x 	Search.
    ^y 	Delete from the cursor position to the end of line.
    ^z 	Undelete the last deleted line.
    ^[ (ESC)	Pop up menu.

  EMACS keys mode

Since many shells provide an Emacs mode (for cursor movement and other editing operations), some bindings that may be more useful for people familiar with those bindings have been provided. These are accessible via the settings menu, or via the initialization file (see below). The mappings are as follows:
    ^a	Move to the beginning of the line.
    ^b	Back 1 character.
    ^c	Command prompt.
    ^d	Delete character the cursor is sitting on.
    ^e	End of line.
    ^f	Forward 1 character.
    ^g	Go back 1 page.
    ^h	Backspace.
    ^i	Tab.
    ^j	Undelete last deleted character.
    ^k	Delete line.
    ^l	Undelete last deleted line.
    ^m	Insert a newline.
    ^n	Move to the next line.
    ^o	Prompt for the decimal value of a character to insert.
    ^p	Previous line.
    ^r	Restore last deleted word.
    ^t	Move to the top of the text.
    ^u	Move to the bottom of the text.
    ^v	Move to the next page.
    ^w	Delete the word beginning at the cursor position.
    ^y	Prompt for the string to search for.
    ^z	Next word.
    ^[ (ESC)	Pop up menu.

  Function Keys

    Next Page
        Move to the next page.

    Prev Page
        Move to the previous page.

    Delete Char
        Delete the character the cursor is on.

    Delete Line
        Delete from the cursor to the end of line.

    Insert line
        Insert a newline at the cursor position.

    Arrow keys
        Move the cursor in the direction indicated.

  Commands

Some operations require more information than a single keystroke can provide. For the most basic operations, there is a menu that can be obtained by pressing the ESC key. The same operations, and more can be performed by obtaining the command prompt (^c) and typing in one of the commands below.

    !cmd
        Execute cmd in a shell.

    0-9 Move to the line indicated.

    case
        Make searches case sensitive.

    character
        Display the ascii value of the character at the cursor.

    exit
        Save the edited text, and leave the editor.

    expand
        Expand tabs to spaces.

    file
        Print the name of the file.

    help
        Display help screen.

    line
        Display the current line number.

    nocase
        Make searches insensitive to case (the default).

    noexpand
        Don't expand tab to spaces when the TAB key is pressed.

    quit
        Leave the editor without saving changes.

    read file
        Read the named file.

    write file
        Write the text to the named file.

  Menu Operations

Pop-up menus can be obtained by pressing the escape key (or ^[ if no escape key is present). When in the menu, the escape key can be used to leave the menu without performing any operations. Use the up and down arrow keys, or ^u for moving up and ^d for moving down to move to the desired items in the menu, then press return to perform the indicated task.

To the left of each menu item is a letter, which if the corresponding letter is pressed on the keyboard selects that menu entry.

The main menu in ee is as follows:

    leave editor
        If changes have been made, the user will get a menu prompting whether or not the changes should be saved.

    help
        Displays a help screen, with all of the keyboard operations and commands.

    file operations
        Pops up a menu for selecting whether to read a file, write to a file, or save the current contents of the editor, as well as send the contents of the editor to a print command (see the section Initializing ee from a file).

    redraw screen
        Provides a means to repaint the screen if the screen has been corrupted.

    settings
        Shows the current values of the operating modes, and right margin. By pressing return when the cursor is on a particular item, the value can be changed. To leave this menu, press the escape key. (See Modes below.)

    search
        Pops up a menu in which the user may choose to enter a string to search for, or search for a string already entered.

    miscellaneous
        Pops up a menu that allows the user to format the current paragraph, execute a shell command, or check the spelling of the text in the editor.

  Paragraph Formatting

Paragraphs are defined for ee by a block of text bounded by:

    •   Begin or end of file.

    •   Line with no characters, or only spaces and/or tabs.

    •   Line starting with a period ('.') or right angle bracket ('>').

A paragraph may be formatted two ways: explicitly by choosing the format paragraph menu item, or by setting ee to automatically format paragraphs. The automatic mode may be set via a menu, or via the initialization file.

There are three states for text operation in ee: free-form, margins, and automatic formatting.

"Free-form" is best used for things like programming. There are no restrictions on the length of lines, and no formatting takes place.

"Margins" allows the user to type in text without having to worry about going beyond the right margin (the right margin may be set in the settings menu, the default is for the margin to be the right edge of the terminal). This is the mode that allows the format paragraph menu item to work.

"Automatic formatting" provides word-processor-like behavior. The user may type in text, while ee will make sure the entire paragraph fits within the width of the terminal every time the user inserts a space after typing or deleting text. Margin observation must also be enabled in order for automatic formatting to occur.

  Modes

Although ee is a 'modeless' editor (it is in text insertion mode all the time), there are modes in some of the things it does. These include:

    tab expansion
        Tabs may be inserted as a single tab character, or replaced with spaces.

    case sensitivity
        The search operation can be sensitive to whether characters are upper- or lower-case, or ignore case completely.

    margins observed
        Lines can either be truncated at the right margin, or extend on forever.

    auto paragraph formatting
        While typing in text, the editor can try to keep it looking reasonably well within the width of the screen.

    eightbit characters
        Toggles whether eight bit characters are displayed as their value in angle brackets (e.g. "<220>") or as a character.

    info window
        A window showing the keyboard operations that can be performed can be displayed or not.

    emacs keys
        Control keys may be given bindings similar to emacs, or not.

    16 bit characters
        Toggles whether sixteen bit characters are handled as one 16-bit quantity or two 8-bit quantities. This works primarily with the Chinese Big 5 code set.

You may set these modes via the initialization file (see below), or with a menu (see above).

  Spell Checking

There are two ways to have the spelling in the text checked from ee. One is by the traditional spell(1) command, the other is with the optional ispell(1) command.

Using spell, the words that are not recognized will be placed at the top of the file. For the ispell option, the file is written to disk, then ispell run on the file, and the file read back in once ispell has completed making changes to the file.

  Printing the contents of the editor

The user may select a menu item which prints the contents of the editor. ee pipes the text in the editor to the command specified by the initialization command printcommand (see the section Initializing ee from a file below). The default is to send the contents to "lp".

Whatever the user assigns to printcommand must take input from standard input. See your system administrator for more details.

  Shell operations

Shell commands can be executed from within ee by selecting the shell command item in the miscellaneous menu, or by placing an exclamation mark ("!") before the command to execute at the command: prompt. Additionally, the user may direct the contents of the edit buffer out to a shell operation (via a pipe) by using the left angle bracket (">"), followed by a "!" and the shell command to execute. The output of a shell operation can also be directed into the edit buffer by using a right angle bracket ("<") before the exclamation mark. These can even be used together to send output to a shell operation and read back the results into the editor. So, if the editor contained a list of words to be sorted, they could be sorted by typing the following at the command prompt:

    ><!sort

This would send the contents of the editor to be piped into the sort utility and the result would be placed into the edit buffer at the current cursor location. The old information would have to be deleted by the user.

  Initializing ee from a file

Since different users have different preferences, ee allows some slight configurability. There are three possible locations for an initialization file for ee: the file /usr/share/misc/init.ee, the file .init.ee in the user's home directory, or the file .init.ee in the current directory (if different from the home directory). This allows system administrators to set some preferences for the users on a system-wide basis (for example, the print command), and the user to customize settings for particular directories (like one for correspondence, and a different directory for programming).

The file usr/share/misc/init.ee is read first, then $HOME/.init.ee, then .init.ee, with the settings specified by the most recent file read taking precedence.

The following items may be entered in the initialization file:

    case
        Sets searches to be case sensitive.

    nocase
        Sets searches to be insensitive to case (default).

    expand
        Causes ee to expand tabs to spaces (default).

    noexpand
        Causes ee to insert tabs as a single character.

    info
        A small information window is displayed at the top of the terminal (default).

    noinfo
        Turns off the display of the information window.

    margins
        Causes ee to truncate lines at the right margin when the cursor passes beyond the right margin as set by the user while text is being inserted (default).

    nomargins
        Allows lines to extend beyond the right margin.

    autoformat
        Causes ee to automatically try to format the current paragraph while text insertion is occurring.

    noautoformat
        Turns off automatic paragraph formatting (default).

    printcommand
        Allows the setting of the print command (default: "lp").

    rightmargin
        The user can select a value for the right margin (the first column on the screen is zero).

    highlight
        Turns on highlighting border of information window and menus (default).

    nohighlight
        Turns off highlighting of border of information window and menus.

    eightbit
        Turns on display of eight bit characters.

    noeightbit
        Turns off display of eight bit characters (they are displayed as their decimal value inside angle brackets, e.g., "<220>").

    16bit
        Turns on handling of 16-bit characters.

    no16bit
        Turns off handling of 16-bit characters.

    emacs
        Turns on emacs key bindings.

    noemacs
        Turns off emacs key bindings.

  Save Editor Configuration

When using this entry from the settings menu, the user may choose to save the current configuration of the editor (see Initializing ee from a file above) to a file named .init.ee in the current directory or the user's home directory. If a file named .init.ee already exists, it will be renamed .init.ee.old.

CAVEATS

THIS MATERIAL IS PROVIDED "AS IS". THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS MATERIAL, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Neither Hewlett-Packard nor Hugh Mahon shall be liable for errors contained herein, nor for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance or use of this material. Neither Hewlett-Packard nor Hugh Mahon assumes any responsibility for the use or reliability of this software or documentation. This software and documentation is totally UNSUPPORTED. There is no support contract available. Hewlett-Packard has done NO Quality Assurance on ANY of the program or documentation. You may find the quality of the materials inferior to supported materials.

Always make a copy of files that cannot be easily reproduced before editing. Save files early, and save often.

  International Code Set Support
ee supports single-byte character code sets (eight-bit clean), or the Chinese Big-5 code set. (Other multi-byte code sets may function, but the reason Big-5 works is that a two-byte character also takes up two columns on the screen.)

WARNINGS
The automatic paragraph formatting operation may be too slow for slower systems.

FILES

/usr/share/misc/init.ee
$HOME/.init.ee
.init.ee

AUTHOR

The software ee was developed by Hugh Mahon.

This software and documentation contains proprietary information which is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved.

Copyright (c) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2001 Hugh Mahon.

SEE ALSO

termcap(4), terminfo(4), environ(5), spell(1), ispell(1), lp(1), aee(1)